Psilocybe zapotecorumPsilocybe zapotecorum Heim emend Guzmán synonyms: Psilocybe aggericola Singer & A.H. Sm. Psilocybe barrerae Cifuentes & Guzmán Psilocybe subzapotecorum Guzmán Psilocybe chaconii Guzmán, M. Torres & Ram.-Guill. Psilocybe bolivarii Guzmán, Ciencia (Méx.) Psilocybe zapotecorum var. ramulosum Psilocybe sanctorum Psilocybe sanctorum Guzmán Psilocybe candidipes Singer & A.H. Sm. Psilocybe aggericola var. alvaradoi Psilocybe zapotecorum f. elongata Psilocybe pseudozapotecorum Guzmán Psilocybe microcystidiata Guzmán & Bononi |
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Habitat: Cespitose to gregarious, rarely scattered, in swampy or muddy soils, in humus rich with leaves and wood debrs, in marshy deciduous forests, and in coffee plantations. Frequently found on the faces of ravines with exposed soils. Found in southern Mexico (600-1800 meters) and subtropical South America. (Collected in Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Argentina.) Guzmán (1983) reported that this mushroom is sometimes found inside the mud houses of native peoples (Zapotecs), a curious if not spiritually prophetic phenomenon. Comment: A potent and strongly bluing mushroom Psilocybe zapotecorum is comparatively large and can sometimes be covered with sand as it forces its way up through soils. From Brazilian specimens, Stijve and de Meijer (1993) found up to 0.30% psilocybin and 1% psilocin, which probably accounts for the strong bluing reaction. Not surprisingly, Heim and Hofmann (1958) found only 0.05% psilocybin and no psilocin in two-year-old specimens. One of the most curious species in the genus Psilocybe, this mushroom has a typically asymmetrical cap that is often convoluted in form. This mushroom is held in high esteem by native Mazatecs and Zapotecs. These two species have been confused frequently. The photographs labeled as Psilocybe caerulescens by Ott and Bigwood (1978) and as Psilocybe caerulescens-zapotecorum complex by Stamets (1978) are, in fact, Psilocybe zapotecorum. Heim and Callieux (1959) successfully fruited this species in Erlenmeyer flasks in sterilized, mixed compost after forty days of incubation (24-26°C). source - Paul Stamets "Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World" Pictures at www.mushroomobserver.org |
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