Psilocybe atrobrunnea

Psilocybe atrobrunnea (Lasch) Gillet (1878)


synonyms:
Psilocybe fuscofulva Peck (1887)
Psilocybe nigrella Peck (1910)
Psilocybe turficola Favre (1939)


probably nonactive

Macroscopic feat.:
  • Cap/Pileus: 2-4 (6) cm broad. Bluntly conic to convex or campanulate, usually umbonate, sometimes with a sharp nipple, expanding to broadly convex in age. Dark reddish brown to blackish reddish brown, then brown, strongly hygrophanous and fading to pale reddish brown in drying. Surface smooth, translucent-striate near the edge, viscid when moist from a thin but often separable gelatinous pellicle. Margin inrolled to incurved at first, and adorned with whitish veil remnants.
  • Gills/Lamellae: Attachment adnate to adnexed, dull cinnamon brown to dark purplish brown at maturity, with whitish edges, sometimes irregular.
  • Stem/Stipe: 80-180 mm long by 3-5 (6) mm thick. Equal, tough, flexuous, swelling towards the base, which is adorned with whitish mycelium. Reddish to blackish underneath the appressed, fibrillose whitish remnants in the lower two thirds, and pruinose above.

Microscopic feat.:
  • Basidio/Spores: Dark violaceous brown in deposit, ellipsoid, 9-12 (14) by 5-7 (9) µm.
  • Basidia: 4-spored.
  • Pleurocistidia: Absent, or close to gill edge, and then similar to cheilocystidia, 30-38 by 4-6 (8) µm.
  • Cheilocystidia: Lageniform or fusoid ventricose with an extended neck, 18-30 (36) by 4-7 µm, and 1.5-2.5 µm thick.

Habitat: Gregarious to scattered or near sphagnum bogs, in coniferous and deciduous woodlands, fruiting in September and October. Reported from the United States (Michigan and upper New York to Maine), as well as British Columbia and central to northern Europe (Great Britain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, and Poland). Probably more widely distributed.

Comment: Possibly active. Høiland (1978) reported psilocybin activity from specimens collected in Norway. No other studies are known to me. This species has an overall resamblance to Psilocybe washingtonensis, Psilocybe physaloides, Psilocybe inquilina, and particularly to several Hypholomas, namely Hypholomas dispersum (=Naematoloma dispersum) and Hypholomas udum (=Naematoloma udum). Its fondness for sphagnum bogs makes that habitat target-specific.

source - Paul Stamets "Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World"

Pictures at www.mushroomobserver.org

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